OK, il mercoledì non è il mio giorno preferito, ma solo 3 commenti, ieri? Ragazzi… così mi annoia.
Per oggi, come diciamo noi esperti di marketing, “vi aspettiamo numerosi” (non c’è una traduzione in inglese.)
Ma prima di procedere, ecco sotto le risposte ai compiti. Grazie a Stefania, Gerry e Antonella. Sembra che tutti voi avete capito bene.
Come ho detto ieri, comunque, l’uso del Past Progressive e Past Perfect è quasi lo stesso in inglese e italiano (vedi sotto per l’unica differenza importante)
Compiti di ieri
- Daniels… was standing behind him… PAST PROGRESSIVE (azione in progresso a un momento passato, o azioni durante un periodo passato)
- The yellow teeth hadn’t been cleaned,., PAST PERFECT (azione o stato ‘prima di’ un punto di riferenza nel passato)
- He was eating… PAST PROGRESSIVE (come sopra)
- He was enjoying a pizza… PAST PROGRESSIVE (come sopra)
- He was expecting someone… PAST PROGRESSIVE (come sopra)
- This had obviously happened before. PAST PERFECT (come sopra)
- He was giving private lessons in the evenings… PAST PROGRESSIVE (come sopra)
- The body.. was lying on the stairs… PAST PROGRESSIVE (come sopra)
- The victim had opened [the door] before he was shot. PAST PERFECT (come sopra)
Past Progressive = Imperfetto (ma senza l’uso di abitudine nel passato, per cui c’è “used to” + V1 in inglese. Ne parliamo al fine del corso.)
Past Perfect = Trapassato prossimo (un caso raro dove sembra che non ci sono le complicazioni!)
Oggi imparerai
Niente, probabilmente, ma ci proviamo.
Oggi, l’ultimo giorno del passato, e guardiamo un po’ alla differenza tra Past Perfect e Past Perfect Progressive, problema famoso, ma anche quasi uguale alla differenza tra Present Perfect e Present Perfect Progressive, che abbiamo già menzionato.
Quale passato?
Il nostro anti-eroe, Daniels, guardava al corpo. Parlava con il capo.
Sono azioni in progresso al momento nella storia a cui noi, i lettori, siamo arrivati.
Daniels usa lo stesso tempo verbale per parlare di azioni in corso in un momento o periodo passato:
“He was enjoying a pizza” (quando ha suonato qualcuno) “He was giving private lessons” (per un periodo in passato)
Non ci sono delle difficoltà qui.
Il trapassato (Past Perfect) invece, riferisce a un momento o periodo passato “prima di” un altro momento, periodo o azione.
The victim hadn’t cleaned his teeth (per un periodo prima di morire.)
He had opened the door to the killer (prima che è stato ucciso)
Quindi abbiamo DUE CONCETTI qui:
- quello di “periodo, azione in corso” communicato colla forma progressiva (was enjoying, was giving) = imperfetto
- quello di “periodo/azione/stato prima di un punto passato, per cui usiamo la forma perfect = trapassato
Cioè, due modi di pensare al passato, uno “imperfetto” (quasi) e uno “trapassato”.
Poi, c’è il passato “normale”, insomma, una sequenza di azioni che succedono in ordine cronologico… Daniel’s è uscito dalla metropolitana, è raggiunto 10 Broad Lane in piedi, ha visto il morto… etc.
Ora, abbiamo TRE modi di concepire il passato (nessuno di cui esprime i concetti italiani di prossimo e remoto!)
A-eventi narrativi (Past Simple)
B-eventi/periodi “imperfetti” (Past Progressive)
C-eventi “trapassati” (Past Perfect)
Fin’ora è (quasi) identico in italiano, vero?
Inglese E’ semplice
Quello che NON esiste (credo) in italiano, e un combinazione de B & C, vogio dire, un specie di “trapassato imperfetto” che esprime il periodo o evento “in corso” “prima di”.
Ma in inglese si.
Quindi quando parliamo del tempo “prima di”, facciamo anche la scelta di parlare del azione o stato “intero”, o l’azione “in corso”. Proprio come la differenza tra le forme semplici e le forme progressivi nel presente (e nel futuro).
Eco degli esempi :
Before the murder (contesto passato) the victim had been working at a school in Oxford Street (in corso “prima di”)
Before the murder (stesso contesto passato) he had been living alone at 10 Broad Lane (ditto).
(ma..) He had lived in Italy (“prima di” ma non “il periodo prima di”).
Non esiste il tempo Past Perfect Progressive in italiano, ma non è difficile.
Compiti
Oggi un compito più tradizionale, che spero sarà fatto da più persone! Come sempre, rispondete con un commento, per favore. Vi darò le risposte domani, o forse la prossima sett.
Scegli tra Past Perfect e Past Perfect Progressive
N.B. in qualche caso, tutti due risposte sono possibili…
- Daniels noticed a pair of broken glasses lying under the body. Perhaps the dead man had worn/had been wearing them when he was killed?
- There was a single footprint in the blood. The killer had been/had been being careless! He had stepped/had been stepping in it.
- Upstairs, it was evident that the dead man hadn’t cleaned/hadn’t been cleaning his flat for a long time, if ever.
- The TV was still on. He had watched/had been watching Sky Sport.
- The pizza, half eaten on the table, was evidence of the meal that the dead man had enjoyed/had been enjoying.
- Next to the pizza box was an open book. The victim had read/had been reading “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect”.
- A cat was trying to gain Daniels’ attention. He imagined that it hadn’t been fed/hadn’t been feeding.
- The victim’s mobile was on the table. Daniels wondered if there had been/had been being any missed calls during the previous evening, which could confirm the time of death.
- The forensic science team were working in the bedroom. They had already finished/had already been finishing with the pizza.
- Daniels picked up a piece of what looked like “Gorgonzola e salame piccante”. He hadn’t eaten/hadn’t been eating anything since lunchtime the day before.
- Chewing, Daniel’s decided that this hadn’t been/hadn’t been being a professional ‘hit’. The dead man had been murdered/had been being murdered by someone he knew.
- But what had he done/had he been doing to cause his death?
Buon lavoro!
Inizio corso | La lezione precedente | Visita il sito per lasciare un commento su questo articolo | Risposte | Prossima lezione
Giulia dice
Homework, senza guardare la grammatica
Scegli tra Past Perfect e Past Perfect Progressive
N.B. in qualche caso, tutti due risposte sono possibili…
1. Daniel’s noticed a pair of broken glasses lying under the body. Perhaps the dead man had been wearing them when he was killed?
2. There was a single footprint in the blood. The killer had been careless! He had stepped in it.
3. Upstairs, it was evident that the dead man hadn’t been cleaning his flat for a long time, if ever.
4. The TV was still on. He had been watching Sky Sport.
5. The pizza, half eaten on the table, was evidence of the meal that the dead man had been enjoying.
6. Next to the pizza box was an open book. The victim had been reading “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect”.
7. A cat was trying to gain Daniels’ attention. He imagined that it hadn’t been fed.
8. The victim’s mobile was on the table. Daniels wondered if there had been any missed calls during the previous evening, which could confirm the time of death.
9. The forensic science team were working in the bedroom. They had already finished with the pizza.
10. Daniels picked up a piece of what looked like “Gorgonzola e salame piccante”. He hadn’t been eating anything since lunchtime the day before.
11. Chewing, Daniel’s decided that this hadn’t been a professional ‘hit’. The dead man had been murdered by someone he knew.
12. But what had he been doing to cause his death?
Giulia
Daniel dice
Good work, Giulia. Just one mistake. Check your answers to find out which.
Rossella dice
Ciao!
1.Daniel’s noticed a pair of broken classes lying under the body. Perhaps the dead man had been wearing them when he was killed?
2.There was a single footprint in the blood. The killer had been careless! Hehad been stepping in it.
3.Upstairs, it was evident that the dead man hadn’t cleaned his flat for a long time, if ever.
4.The TV was still on. He had been watching Sky Sport.
5.The pizza, half eaten on the table, was evidence of the meal that the dead man had been enjoying.
6.Next to the pizza box was an open book. The victim had been reading “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect”.
7.A cat was trying to gain Daniels’ attention. He imagined that it hadn’t been fed.
8.The victim’s mobile was on the table. Daniels wondered if there had been being any missed calls during the previous evening, which could confirm the time of death.
9.The forensic science team were working in the bedroom. They had already finished with the pizza.
10.Daniels picked up a piece of what looked like “Gorgonzola e salame piccante”. He hadn’t been eating anything since lunchtime the day before.
11.Chewing, Daniel’s decided that this hadn’t been a professional ‘hit’. The dead man had been murdered by someone he knew.
12.But what had he done to cause his death?
Daniel dice
Good job, Rossella! Two mistakes though. Check your answers in the next lesson.
Daniel
stefania dice
Buongiorno Daniel, in ritardo ma eccomi….
Se ci sono tanti errori e’ colpa della febbre!!
1) Daniel’s noticed a pair of broken classes lying under the body. Perhaps the dead man had been wearing them when he was killed?
2) There was a single footprint in the blood. The killer had been careless! He had stepped in it.
3) Upstairs, it was evident that the dead man hadn’t cleaned his flat for a long time, if ever.
4) The TV was still on. He had been watching Sky Sport.
5) The pizza, half eaten on the table, was evidence of the meal that the dead man had been enjoying.
6) Next to the pizza box was an open book. The victim had been reading “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect”.
7) A cat was trying to gain Daniels’ attention. He imagined that it hadn’t been fed.
8) The victim’s mobile was on the table. Daniels wondered if there had been any missed calls during the previous evening, which could confirm the time of death.
9) The forensic science team were working in the bedroom. They had already finished with the pizza.
10) Daniels picked up a piece of what looked like “Gorgonzola e salame piccante”. He hadn’t eaten/hadn’t been eating anything since lunchtime the day before. (both)
11) Chewing, Daniel’s decided that this hadn’t been/hadn’t been being a professional ‘hit’ (both). The dead man had been murdered by someone he knew.
12) But what had he done/had he been doing to cause his death? (both)
Daniel dice
Buonasera Stefania,
2 errori. Non ti dico ora quale… Risposte nella prossima lezione.
A presto,
Daniel
gerry dice
Ciao Daniel
1)had been wearing
2)had been….had stepped
3)hadn’t cleaned
4)had been watching
5)had been enjoying
6)had been reading
7)hadn’t been
8)had been
9)had already finished/had already beeen finishing
10)hadn’t eaten
11)hadn’t been…had been murderer
12)had he done
ciao
Daniel dice
Ciao Gerry,
Check your answers next time!
Daniel
Gaetana Di Palermo dice
1)io penso che tutti e due siano possibili qui .2) qui userei past perfect. 3)past perfect progressive. 4)past perfect progressive. 5)anche qui direi progressive 6) come 5. 7)past perfect. 8) past perfect. 9)past perfect. 10) past perfect progressive. 11)past perfect. 12) qui forse tutti e due…Buona giornata!!
Daniel dice
Thanks for participating, Gaetana. Answers in the next lesson!
antonella dice
Good morning Daniel, good morning everybody!
Ci provo, di getto e senza pensarci troppo su; poi magari stasera ci ridarò un’occhiata… reading other homeworks and what the teacher will have said.
1) Daniel’s noticed a pair of broken classes lying under the body. Perhaps the dead man had been wearing them when he was killed?
2) There was a single footprint in the blood. The killer had been careless! He had stepped/had been stepping in it.
3) Upstairs, it was evident that the dead man hadn’t cleaned his flat for a long time, if ever.
4) The TV was still on. He had watched/had been watching Sky Sport.
5) The pizza, half eaten on the table, was evidence of the meal that the dead man had been enjoying.
6) Next to the pizza box was an open book. The victim had been reading “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect”.
7) A cat was trying to gain Daniels’ attention. He imagined that it hadn’t been fed.
8) The victim’s mobile was on the table. Daniels wondered if there had been any missed calls during the previous evening, which could confirm the time of death.
9) The forensic science team were working in the bedroom. They had already finished with the pizza.
10) Daniels picked up a piece of what looked like “Gorgonzola e salame piccante”. He hadn’t eaten since lunchtime the day before.
11) Chewing, Daniel’s decided that this hadn’t been a professional ‘hit’. The dead man had been murdered by someone he knew.
12) But what had he done/had he been doing to cause his death?
Thanks, have a nice day Antonella
PS: potrei avere il codice ISBN del “Teach Yourself Bolognese Dialect” :-)? Dev’essere un libro mooolto interessante :-))) !!!
Daniel dice
Ciao Antonella,
ci sono due risposte errate. Non di dico ora quale 2, per non rovinare il divertimento per gli altri.
Il libro del dialetto Bolognese sto scrivendo io. Fin’ora ho solo “tiro” e “socc’mel”. Se hai suggerimenti…